[Julie]

Landfill biogas is much more variable and contains more nitrogen, oxygen, and trace contaminants than biogas from controlled anaerobic digestion, making it harder to upgrade and more sensitive to operational changes, and validating its composition is essential because methane levels can fluctuate significantly as well as flow rate over the 20 years operation. It is important to have a robust solution no impacted by air intrusion. Air instrusion can reduce upgrading efficiency of some technologies. With the rightsolution, the methane recovery (often 85–90%) is maintained while reducing fugitive emissions that are 28 to 81 times more climate‑intensive than CO₂, ensuring reliable performance, regulatory compliance, and meaningful methane‑emission reductions.