Thanks @RNGinsight , What is the minimum flow and concentration where these regenerative VOC and siloxane removal systems are cost effective? How do they respond to high turpine concentrations?

As @RNGinsight says regenerative systems are the lowest operating cost long term when you are treating very contaminated gas. In some cases the biogas flows on smaller agricultural projects will never justify the upfront cost of a regenerative system. In lower flow cases carbon costs can be managed by using carbon for siloxane, turpine, and…

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Thanks Fatma, With your broad view of the industry where do you see project get hung up after they have a business case that looks promising?

@atkinsrealis_fatma What sort of RNG projects do you typically encounter?

Once at the commissioning phase there can still be many challenges some covered in our article <b itemprop=”headline”>Digester Startup and Commissioning https://azuraassociates.com/digester-startup-and-commisioning/.

Not sure it they are the top three, but three I think are worth mentioning.

1) Lack of RNG off-take certainty slowing FID

2) Insufficient detail in initial design basis leads to change orders, and delays

3) Regulatory delays related to environmental compliance, gas safety approvals, and pipeline interconnection

The answer is feedstock dependant and in short thermal hydrolysis processes that use heat and pressure to break up cells can be worth considering where digester solids are costly to dispose of and feedstocks are slow to break down.

For recalcitrant feedstocks like waste activated sludge and agricultural residues it can get a 15% improvement in…

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