[Joerg]

That is a complex question and difficult to address.

Different places in the world lead to different answers. For example, thermal (in most cases incineration) treatment of MSW is commonly applied in many countries in the EU and also North America. Is it the best/preferred approach?

In the US the most common approach is landfilling -with or w/o prior recovery of recyclables- and possible extraction of the generated LFG for beneficial use. Is that the best/most desired approach?

Other places apply a mechanical biological treatment (MBT) process to recover recyclables and organics for AD/composting -biogas generation and stabilization- prior to landfilling provided that the to be landfilled material has a very low biological residual potential = is close to being considered inert/does not show a notable potential for landfill gas -and toxic leachate formation. Is that the best approach?

(Europe prohibits land application of organics extracted from a mixed MSW stream per EU directive. In the US, there is no such law = land application of organics extracted from an MSW is allowed in principle, as long as it meets certain requirements, e.g., compost standards.)

Others want to chime in here?