[Ryan]

@Anka.Enerji I wonder if you might be able to share some of the nuances of pretreatment? Is there a “one-size-fits all” solution? or is there variation between projects? 🤔

[Seyed Mohammad Ezazi]

I also have Mr. Ryan’s questions in mind and am eagerly awaiting the answers.

[Hatem]

From my point of view, choosing the right biogas pretreatment is a balancing act that hinges on understanding both upfront and ongoing costs, and I’ve seen how getting this right can make or break a project’s success. Capital expenditure (CAPEX) covers the initial investment—think reactors, scrubbers, media beds like activated carbon or iron oxide, plus pumps, piping, and instrumentation, along with site prep, engineering, and integration into existing systems. You’ll also need gas analyzers and control systems for monitoring, not to mention permitting and design to meet regulations, which can add up fast. On the operating expenditure (OPEX) side, you’re looking at ongoing costs like replacing consumables—activated carbon, iron oxide, or caustic chemicals like NaOH for scrubbing—plus electricity for pumps, blowers, or heating, especially for biological systems in colder climates. Maintenance, including labor and spare parts, is another factor, as is disposing of spent media or liquid waste, which can get pricey if it’s classified as hazardous. Regular H2S and gas quality testing is a must to keep things compliant, and I think nailing down these costs early, tailored to your specific H2S levels and flow rates, is key to picking a system that’s both effective and economical.